電視新聞攝影的知識與技能：展延的心智觀

文楷誠

本研究主旨在探究電視新聞採訪活動中，電視新聞攝影記者如何完成電視 新聞畫面的拍攝，其中又蘊含著什麼樣的知識與技能。透過 Clark(1998)延伸 的心智觀點，電視新聞攝影記者在畫面拍攝過程中，是大腦、身體、科技物三者 間不斷連續運作，並展現在每一次的行動中，最終讓採訪活動得以完成。本研究 以數位民族誌(digital ethnography)蒐集並分析資料，分析電視新聞採訪活動中 攝影記者外在的行為與內在的想法，描繪電視攝影記者的知識與技能的可能面貌。 研究發現攝影記者有三種拍攝行動模式分別為「環境感知」、「思考先行」與「工 具性質導向」，同時還有兩項重要的中介因素，「新聞結構」與「想像觀眾」。攝 影記者將攝錄器材等物質工具與新聞結構、想像觀眾等非物質工具融入身體與大 腦之中，並透過不斷實踐讓攝影成為日常生活的一般行為，因此在攝影時能更深 入的進行畫面設計與多工處理。

This study aims to explore how photojournalist complete the filming of news in TV news activities, and what knowledge and skills are contained in them. Through Clark (1998) “The Extended Mind”, during the process of filming, “brain, body, artifact” operate continuously among the photojournalist, which are displayed in every action, and finally complete the news activities. Through “Digital Ethnography”, The study found that photojournalists have three modes of shooting action, namely "environmental perception", "thinking first" and "tool-oriented", and there are also two important mediating factors, "news structure" and "imagined audience". Photojournalists integrate material tools such as video recording equipment and intangible tools such as news structures and imaginary audiences into their bodies and brains, and through continuous practice, make photography a common behavior in daily life, so they can carry out more picture design during photography.

攝影記者、決定性瞬間、活動理論、延伸的心智、數位民族誌

Photojournalist, The Decisive moment, Activity Theory, The Extended Mind, Digital Ethnography

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電視新聞攝影的知識與技能：展延的心智觀