2001年年會論文 -提議語藝:策略與讓步行為之研究
篇名
提議語藝:策略與讓步行為之研究
作者
黃鈴媚
中文摘要
從探討談判者如何陳述具備說服力的談判提議之角度,提出「提議語藝」概念,整合目前過度分殊化的談判提議研究。本研究主張,提議是談判者使用語言影響或說服其他談判者的過程,而目的在取得預期的提議聯結配對組合。理想的提議聯結配對組合(提議 / 接受提議)是否會出現,除仰賴言談者的提議條件是否符合另一方的期望外,也可能是言談者透過語言的精心設計而產生的策略效果。根據上述兩項原則,本研究先抽取十二個與談判情境的讓步行為最為相關的因素(包括期限壓力、選民壓力、歷史評價、佐證品質、佐證數量、面子考量、讓步幅度、訴求標準、程序正義、長期關係、互信程度、讓步次數),再經過因素分析的粹取,得出四種「提議語藝」策略類型:傳統提議策略、溝通品質策略、關係導向策略與談判能力策略。整體而言,對談判者比較具備說服力的前五項訴求包括訴求標準、互信程度、期限壓力、佐證品質與程序正義,而比較不具備說服力的最後五項訴求是面子考量、讓步次數、選民壓力、歷史評價與讓步幅度。關於策略效果,本研究發現除了整合導向外,競爭(或分配)導向、逃避導向、退讓導向、妥協導向與「傳統議價」策略都存在明顯正相關性。此外,妥協導向與退讓導向的談判者比較容易受到「關係取向」策略的影響,但關係取向策略與整合導向卻無明顯的相關性。
英文摘要
The purpose of this research is to search for a more inclusive construct that can integrate the studies of offers in bargaining with other communicative strategies and tactics. Focusing on the perceived persuasiveness of offers, a construct of "offer rhetoric" has been proposed , by which the behavior of offer was redefined as only a speech act but a rhetorical act. Twelve “offer rhetoric” tactics have been found from the literature of negotiation including evidence quality, evidence number, long-termed relationship, mutual trust, time pressure, constituency pressure, objective criteria, face need, procedure justice, concession magnitude, concession frequency, and historical judgment. As a result of factor analysis, four types of offer rhetoric strategies are identified in this research—traditional bargaining, communicative qualities, relationship-oriented, and negotiation competence. Additionally, the relationships between these four types strategies and concession-making behaviors under integrative bargaining situations and distributive bargaining situations are examined by interviewing 147 negotiators.
中文關鍵詞
言談行動,提議,提議語藝,策略,談判,讓步
英文關鍵詞
Negotiation,Offers,Offer Rhetoric,Strategy,Concession,Speech Act
發表日期
2001.07.03
授權狀況
已授權